This chapter introduce basic of C/C++ and ARSA Framework. Whether you are expert experience user or you are novice, We very suggestion read this before start other section. This chapter will cover all the basis path to make your game, all with plenty of examples.
1. Include Header and Namespace
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// include arsa.h to this source code // write on top of source code #include<arsa.h>
// tell compiler pull using irr name's space // ARSA Framework have main name space to following // irr is basis variable and function. // io is input/output operator. // gui is function relate graphic user interface. // video is video function. // scene is scenenode function. usingnamespace irr; |
2. Variable Type
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char // character int // integer long // long integer float // 32 bit floating point double // 64 bit floating point irr::c8 // 8 bit character irr::s8 // 8 bit signed irr::u8 // 8 bit unsigned irr::u16 // 16 bit unsigned irr::s16 // 16 bit signed irr::u32 // 32 bit unsigned irr::s32 // 32 bit signed irr::u64 // 64 bit unsigned irr::s64 // 64 bit signed irr::f32 // 32 bit floating point irr::f64 // 64 bit floating point irr::core::stringc // string c8 irr::core::stringw // string wchar_t irr::core::array<datatype> // dynamic array arsa_xml_doc // arsa xml document arsa_xml_node // arsa xml node ArrayXmlNode // arsa xml node array
// ARSA Framework global pointer vaiable ready to use // don't duplicate name g_device // system device g_smgr // scene manager g_fs // file system g_driver // driver manager g_gui // gui namager g_log // log file g_rand // random number g_psd // psd operator g_camera // default camera g_input // input handle g_snd // sound manager
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3. Dynamic Arrays and Data Structure
3.1 Add data to array
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// declare int array as IntList irr::core::array<int> IntList;
// add data to array IntList.push_back(10); IntList.push_back(20); IntList.push_back(30);
// print data in IntList printf("%d ", IntList[0]); // show 10 printf("%d ", IntList[1]); // show 20 printf("%d ", IntList[2]); // show 30 |
3.2 Read data from array using for loop
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// IntList.size() is get current array size for (irr::u32 i = 0; i < IntList.size(); ++i) { printf("%d ", IntList[i]); // show value in each slot } |
3.3 Remove data from array
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// specify slot to delete // becareful if deleted any data in array then all memory will reallocate IntList.earse(0);
// remove all data in array IntList.clear(); |
3.4 Advanced remove data from array by for loop
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// often in game update need delete some data in array list by for loop // this section shown you how to delete them for (irr::u32 i = 0; i < IntList.size(); ++i) { IntList.earse(i); // delete data // after this line array slot i can't use anymore --i; // must shift back index } |
3.5 Advanced allocate array
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IntList.set_used( 10 ); // allocate int 10 slot IntList[0] = 1; IntList[1] = 2; ... ... ... IntList[9] = 10; |
3.6 Basis copy array
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// copy array IntList to IntList2 irr::core::array<int> IntList; irr::core::array<int> IntList2;
IntList.push_back(10); IntList.push_back(20); IntList.push_back(30);
// result IntList2 equal IntList IntList2 = IntList; |
3.7 Advanced copy array
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// allocate destination slot IntList2.set_used(IntList.size());
// use memcpy copy data from IntList to IntList2 // IntList2.pointer() return first address in array // IntList.const_pointer() same pointer() but is const // use when user make sure don't change any data in this. // sizeof(int)*IntList.size() tell memcpy how many copy count. // sizeof(int) is data size in IntList int = 4 byte // IntList.size() is array element count = 3, 3*4 = 12 byte copies. memcpy(IntList2.pointer(),IntList.const_pointer(),sizeof(int)*IntList.size()); |
3.8 Use as queue
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// pop function IntList[0]; // get data in first slot
// after used data user can delete or not (depend on task) IntList.earse(0); // remove data in begin
// push back/front IntList.push_back(10); // add data to end list IntList.push_front(10); // add data to start list |
3.9 Custom structure
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struct SData // start structure with name { SData() // constructor { Id = -1; // default start value } int Id; irr::core::stringc Name; }; // end |
3.10 Advanced custom structure
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struct SData { // default constant id = -1, Name = empty string SData(int id=-1,const irr::core::stringc& name=irr::core::stringc()) { Id = id; Name = name; } // equal operator for search booloperator==(const SData& other) const { if (Id == other.Id) returntrue; returnfalse; } // less than operator for sort booloperator<(const SData& other) const { // Id < other.Id is Ascendant // Id > other.Id is Descendant return Id < other.Id; } int Id; irr::core::stringc Name; };
// declare array irr::core::array<SData> DataList;
// add data, choose one from below // add type 1 DataList.push_back(SData(0,"Winner"));
// add type 2 SData dat(2, "Fly"); DataList.push_back(dat);
// add type 3 SData dat2; dat.Id = 3; dat.Name = "Slide"; DataList.push_back(dat2); |
3.11 Search in array
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// search irr::s32 id = DataList.linear_search(SData(1)); if (id != -1) { // found data, use id as slot for get data printf( "%d: %s", DataList[id].Id, DataList[id].Name.c_str() ); } |
3.12 Sort in array
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// sort DataList.set_sorted(false); DataList.sort(); |
4. Control
4.1 if, else and switch
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// if else // > greater // < less than // >= greater or equal // <= less than or equal // == equal // != not equal // && and condition // || or condition int i = 10; if (i > 10) printf("i > 10"); elseif (i > 10) printf("i < 10"); else printf("i = 10");
// check if as range if (i>0 && i<10) printf("i between 1-10");
// float equal compare must use equal() function, don't use == // because 1.567f maybe compiler understand is 1.569999999f // when user compare 1.567f == 1.569999999f computer understand this not equal // if some case in game need accurately compare e.g. trigger at animation time line float speed = 1.567f; if (irr::core::equal(speed, 1.567f)) printf("speed is %.f", speed);
// switch can check equal value only, often case is compare integer switch (i) { case 0: printf("i = 0"); break; // if have { } user can declare variable in case case 1: { int j = 10; printf("i = 1, j = %d", j ); } break; default: // if check all case are false printf("don't know value!"); break; } // end switch |
4.2 for, while and do
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// every loop in c will repeat until condition is false // basic for for (int i = 0;i < 10;++i) { printf("%d\n",i) }
// advanced for // multiple variable increase in loop int j = 0; for (int i=0;i<10;++i,j+=2) { printf("i=%d j=%d\n",i,j); }
// multiple declare variable in loop int j = 0; for (int i=0,k=0;i<10&&k<5;++i,j+=2, k++) { printf("i=%d j=%d k=%d\n",i,j,k); }
// infinite for for (;;) { }
// break and continue int i=0; for (;;) { if (i > 10) break; // exit this loop. if (i > 5) { i+=2; continue; // goto start position, don't do below function. } i++; }
// basic while while (i<10) { printf("%d\n", i) i++; }
// infinite while while (1) { }
// basic do
do { printf("%d\n", i) i++; }while (i < 10);
// infinite do do { }while (1) |
5. Pointer and Memory
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Soon! |
6. Functions
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Soon! |
7. File
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Soon! |
8. XML
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Soon! |
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Good Tutorial C/C++ |
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